Q1: Match each description with the class of computer.
(i) General purpose, run a variety of software, subject to cost/performance tradeoff
Solution: Personal computers
(ii) Network based, high capacity, high performance, high reliability, range from small to building sized
Solution: Server computers
(iii) High-end scientific and engineering calculations, highest capability but represent a small fraction of the overall computer market
Solution: Supercomputers
(iv) Hidden as components of systems, stringent power/performance/cost constraints
Solution: Embedded computers
Q2: Which kind of computer can best be described as:
Q3: Which of the following are input devices?
LCD display
Keyboard
Loudspeaker
Touchscreen
Pushbutton
Radio transmitter
Solution:
Loudspeaker
Temperature sensor
LED indicator light
Pushbutton
Mouse
LCD display
Solution:
(i) The storage area in which programs are kept when they are running and that contains the data needed by the running programs.
Solution: Main memory
(ii) Memory built as an integrated circuit; it provides random access to any location. Access times are 50 nanoseconds and cost per gigabyte in 2012 was $5 to $10.
Solution: Dynamic random access memory (DRAM)
(iii) A small, fast memory that acts as a buffer for a slower, larger memory.
Solution: Cache memory
(iv) Memory built as an integrated circuit, but faster and less dense than DRAM.
Solution: Static random access memory (SRAM)
(v) A form of nonvolatile secondary memory composed of rotating platters coated with a magnetic recording material. Because they are rotating mechanical devices, access times are about 5 to 20 milliseconds and cost per gigabyte in 2012 was $0.05 to $0.10.
Solution: Magnetic disk memory
(vi) A nonvolatile semi-conductor memory. It is cheaper and slower than DRAM but more expensive per bit and faster than magnetic disks. Access times are about 5 to 50 microseconds and cost per gigabyte in 2012 was $0.75 to $1.00.
Solution: Flash memory
Q6: Which of the following best defines the term "instruction set architecture"?
Solution: An abstract interface between the hardware and the lowest-level software that encompasses all the information necessary to write a machine language program that will run correctly, including instructions, registers, memory access, I/O, and so on.
Q8: Computer C’s performance is 4 times as fast as the performance of computer B, which runs a given application in 28 seconds. How many seconds will computer C take to run that application?
Solution: 7
Q9: A given application written in Java runs 15 seconds on a desktop processor. A new Java compiler is released that requires only 0.6 as many instructions as the old compiler. Unfortunately, it increases the CPI by 1.1. How fast can we expect the application to run using this new compiler? Pick the right answer from the three choices below:
Solution: 15 × 0.6 × 1.1 = 9.9 seconds
Q10: If we increase the clock frequency of a microprocessor, what will happen to the power consumption?
Solution: Power will increase
(i) General purpose, run a variety of software, subject to cost/performance tradeoff
Solution: Personal computers
(ii) Network based, high capacity, high performance, high reliability, range from small to building sized
Solution: Server computers
(iii) High-end scientific and engineering calculations, highest capability but represent a small fraction of the overall computer market
Solution: Supercomputers
(iv) Hidden as components of systems, stringent power/performance/cost constraints
Solution: Embedded computers
Q2: Which kind of computer can best be described as:
- Battery operated
- Connects to the Internet
- Costs a few hundred dollars
- Has touch screen
Q3: Which of the following are input devices?
LCD display
Keyboard
Loudspeaker
Touchscreen
Pushbutton
Radio transmitter
Solution:
- Keyboard
- Touchscreen
- Pushbutton
Loudspeaker
Temperature sensor
LED indicator light
Pushbutton
Mouse
LCD display
Solution:
- Loudspeaker
- LED indicator light
- LCD display
(i) The storage area in which programs are kept when they are running and that contains the data needed by the running programs.
Solution: Main memory
(ii) Memory built as an integrated circuit; it provides random access to any location. Access times are 50 nanoseconds and cost per gigabyte in 2012 was $5 to $10.
Solution: Dynamic random access memory (DRAM)
(iii) A small, fast memory that acts as a buffer for a slower, larger memory.
Solution: Cache memory
(iv) Memory built as an integrated circuit, but faster and less dense than DRAM.
Solution: Static random access memory (SRAM)
(v) A form of nonvolatile secondary memory composed of rotating platters coated with a magnetic recording material. Because they are rotating mechanical devices, access times are about 5 to 20 milliseconds and cost per gigabyte in 2012 was $0.05 to $0.10.
Solution: Magnetic disk memory
(vi) A nonvolatile semi-conductor memory. It is cheaper and slower than DRAM but more expensive per bit and faster than magnetic disks. Access times are about 5 to 50 microseconds and cost per gigabyte in 2012 was $0.75 to $1.00.
Solution: Flash memory
Q6: Which of the following best defines the term "instruction set architecture"?
Solution: An abstract interface between the hardware and the lowest-level software that encompasses all the information necessary to write a machine language program that will run correctly, including instructions, registers, memory access, I/O, and so on.
Q8: Computer C’s performance is 4 times as fast as the performance of computer B, which runs a given application in 28 seconds. How many seconds will computer C take to run that application?
Solution: 7
Q9: A given application written in Java runs 15 seconds on a desktop processor. A new Java compiler is released that requires only 0.6 as many instructions as the old compiler. Unfortunately, it increases the CPI by 1.1. How fast can we expect the application to run using this new compiler? Pick the right answer from the three choices below:
Solution: 15 × 0.6 × 1.1 = 9.9 seconds
Q10: If we increase the clock frequency of a microprocessor, what will happen to the power consumption?
Solution: Power will increase
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