The above statement is used to remove the element 12 from array by using remove(at:index) method. 12 is at the index 4 , therefore at: 4 is used
The output will be 2 4 6 10 after removing 12.
Question: Do not use C++ strings (or the string library) anywhere in the Routes application, in this v.1 or in any future versions. Let's get some experience using C strings. Also, the overhead is way less in this application using C strings.
Write Routes.1.cpp, to design and test a class that represents a leg of a route between two adjacent cities. Here are the specifications for the Leg class:
1. Constant, Private Data Members
Write three private data members: the starting city, the ending city, and the distance (in miles) separating the two.
Use constant, read-only pointers to store the city names as C strings. There will be no need to ever make copies of the names -- no strcpy . Names will be declared and stored in the main program, so all that needs to be stored in the Leg object are the memory locations of those C strings.
For the distance, use any numeric data type of your choosing -- you decide on whole numbers vs floating point. It will never change, so it needs to be constant.
2. Constructor Function(s)
Include one constructor with three parameters -- the start and end cities and the distance separating them. Do not include a default constructor! There can be no "generic" or uninitialized Leg. Each Leg is very specific and constant and unchanging.
3. Getter Function(s)
Write two getters -- one to return the
distance and another to produce nicely formatted output.
The output getter would have one parameter -- an ostream reference,
so that output can be directed to any stream-oriented source. The
"nicely formatted output" should look something like this: "Leg:
San Francisco to San Jose, 20 miles" but you decide on the exact
appearance.
4. An Array Of Leg Objects
In the main program declare an array of 40 or more Leg objects, each connecting two cities of your choice. They can be any pairs of cities that you choose, but follow these rules:
Use sizeof to get the size of the Leg Objects array
It's okay to estimate the distances between cities -- exactness of your numbers will not be checked. But be reasonable!
5. Sort By Distance
In the main program write a nested-for-loop sorting code block, sorting the Leg objects in the array from shortest distance to longest. This will require swapping of objects, which will require an assignment operator function in the Leg class. Because there are constant data members, you should write an assignment operator function just because it's good programming practice -- but in this case, it's required because of the swapping.
6. Output
In a loop in the main program, call the output getter on each object in the array. The output should be arranged shortest to longest, because the sorting code block should be before the output code block in the main program. Refer to sample output from Files, Assignment5Part1.pdf
Actions
7. Do Not Add To The Public Interface As Specified
Do not add getters, setters, constructors, destructors, friends, or statics to a class, other than the ones specified. If a public function name is given in the specification, spell and case it exactly. If parameters are specified, write them exactly as specified -- do not add or remove parameters or change their type.
Do not add public data members unless specified. Public variables will never be specified, although public constants might be (in a future lab assignment). If that happens, name and case them exactly as specified.
Private members don't matter -- unless specifically told not to, you may add private functions and data.
My code:
#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <string> using namespace std; class Leg { const char* const startCity; const char* const endCity; const double distance; public: Leg(const char* const, const char* const, const double); Leg& operator=(const Leg&); double getDistance() const; void output(ostream&) const; }; int main() { double arr[40]; for(int i = 0; i < 40; i++) { arr[i] = rand() % 39 + 1.45; } Leg a[ ]={ Leg("Aberdeen","Abilene", arr[1]),Leg("Akron","Albany", arr[2]),Leg("Albuquerque","Alexandria", arr[3]), Leg("Allentown","Amarillo", arr[4]),Leg("Anaheim","Anchorage", arr[5]),Leg("Ann Arbor","Antioch", arr[6]), Leg("Apple Valley","Appleton", arr[7]),Leg("Arlington","Arvada", arr[8]),Leg("Asheville","Athens", arr[9]), Leg("Atlanta","Atlantic City", arr[10]),Leg("Augusta","Aurora", arr[12]),Leg("Austin","Bakersfield", arr[12]), Leg("Baltimore","Barnstable", arr[13]),Leg("Baton Rouge","Beaumont", arr[14]),Leg("Bel Air","Bellevue", arr[15]), Leg("Berkeley","Bethlehem", arr[16]),Leg("Billings","Birmingham", arr[17]),Leg("Bloomington","Boise", arr[18]), Leg("Boise City","Bonita Springs", arr[19]),Leg("Boston","Boulder", arr[20]),Leg("Bremerton","Brighton", arr[21]), Leg("Brownsville","Bryan", arr[22]),Leg("Buffalo","Burbank", arr[23]),Leg("Cambridge","Canton", arr[24]), Leg("Cape Coral","Carrollton", arr[25]),Leg("Cary","Cathedral City", arr[26]),Leg("Cedar Rapids","Champaign", arr[27]), /*Leg("Aberdeen","Abilene", arr[1]),Leg("Akron","Albany", arr[1]),Leg("Albuquerque","Alexandria", arr[1]), * Leg("Aberdeen","Abilene", arr[1]),Leg("Akron","Albany", arr[1]),Leg("Albuquerque","Alexandria", arr[1]), * Leg("Aberdeen","Abilene", arr[1]),Leg("Akron","Albany", arr[1]),Leg("Albuquerque","Alexandria", arr[1]), * Leg("Aberdeen","Abilene", arr[1]),Leg("Akron","Albany", arr[1]),Leg("Albuquerque","Alexandria", arr[1]), * Leg("Aberdeen","Abilene", arr[1])*/ }; const int SIZE = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]); for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) { for (int j = i + 1; j < SIZE; j++) { if (arr[j] < arr[i]) swap(arr[j], arr[i]); } } } double getDistance() { return distance; } Leg& Leg::operator=(const Leg& copyThis) { if (this != ©This) { const_cast<double&>(this->distance) = copyThis.distance; const_cast<const char* &>(this->startCity) = copyThis.startCity; const_cast<const char* &>(this->endCity) = copyThis.endCity; } return *this; }
#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; class Leg { const char* const startCity; const char* const endCity; const double distance; public: Leg(const char* const, const char* const, const double); Leg& operator=(const Leg&); double getDistance() const; void output(ostream&) const; }; // constructor Leg::Leg(const char* startCity, const char* endCity, const double distance): startCity(startCity), endCity(endCity), distance(distance) { } // return the distance double Leg:: getDistance() const { return distance; } // assignment operator Leg& Leg::operator=(const Leg& copyThis) { // avoid self assignment if (this != ©This) { const_cast<double&>(this->distance) = copyThis.distance; const_cast<const char* &>(this->startCity) = copyThis.startCity; const_cast<const char* &>(this->endCity) = copyThis.endCity; } return *this; } // output the Leg object details to out void Leg:: output(ostream& out) const { out<<"Leg: "<<startCity<<" to "<<endCity<<", "<<fixed<<setprecision(2)<<distance<<" miles"<<endl; } int main() { double arr[40]; // create an array of random distances for(int i = 0; i < 40; i++) { arr[i] = rand() % 39 + 1.45; } // create an array of Leg objects Leg a[]={ Leg("Aberdeen","Abilene", arr[1]), Leg("Akron","Albany", arr[2]), Leg("Albuquerque","Alexandria", arr[3]), Leg("Allentown","Amarillo", arr[4]), Leg("Anaheim","Anchorage", arr[5]), Leg("Ann Arbor","Antioch", arr[6]), Leg("Apple Valley","Appleton", arr[7]), Leg("Arlington","Arvada", arr[8]), Leg("Asheville","Athens", arr[9]), Leg("Atlanta","Atlantic City", arr[10]), Leg("Augusta","Aurora", arr[12]), Leg("Austin","Bakersfield", arr[12]), Leg("Baltimore","Barnstable", arr[13]), Leg("Baton Rouge","Beaumont", arr[14]), Leg("Bel Air","Bellevue", arr[15]), Leg("Berkeley","Bethlehem", arr[16]), Leg("Billings","Birmingham", arr[17]), Leg("Bloomington","Boise", arr[18]), Leg("Boise City","Bonita Springs", arr[19]), Leg("Boston","Boulder", arr[20]), Leg("Bremerton","Brighton", arr[21]), Leg("Brownsville","Bryan", arr[22]), Leg("Buffalo","Burbank", arr[23]), Leg("Cambridge","Canton", arr[24]), Leg("Cape Coral","Carrollton", arr[25]), Leg("Cary","Cathedral City", arr[26]), Leg("Cedar Rapids","Champaign", arr[27]) /*Leg("Aberdeen","Abilene", arr[1]),Leg("Akron","Albany", arr[1]),Leg("Albuquerque","Alexandria", arr[1]), * Leg("Aberdeen","Abilene", arr[1]),Leg("Akron","Albany", arr[1]),Leg("Albuquerque","Alexandria", arr[1]), * Leg("Aberdeen","Abilene", arr[1]),Leg("Akron","Albany", arr[1]),Leg("Albuquerque","Alexandria", arr[1]), * Leg("Aberdeen","Abilene", arr[1]),Leg("Akron","Albany", arr[1]),Leg("Albuquerque","Alexandria", arr[1]), * Leg("Aberdeen","Abilene", arr[1])*/ }; const int SIZE = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]); // sort the leg objects in ascending order based on their distance int min; for(int i=0;i<SIZE-1;i++) { min = i; for(int j=i+1;j<SIZE;j++) { if(a[j].getDistance() < a[min].getDistance()) min = j; } if(min != i) { Leg temp = a[i]; a[i] = a[min]; a[min] = temp; } } // display the sorted order of Leg objects for(int i=0;i<SIZE;i++) a[i].output(cout); return 0; } //end of program
#include <iostream> using namespace std; void oddsum(int n) { int sum = 0; // variable initialized to compute the sum int counter = 1; // variable to counter loop while (counter <= n) { sum = sum + counter; counter = counter + 2; } cout << "The sum is " << sum; } int main() { int n; cout << "Enter a number: "; cin >> n; oddsum(n); return 0; }
